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Self-injury found to be common in high-school students
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, the deliberate, direct destruction of body
tissue without conscious suicidal intent, is a relatively common
occurrence for adolescents in high school, a new study suggests.
Nearly half of the teens studied endorsed some form of non-suicidal
self-injury (NSSI) in the past year, most frequently biting self,
cutting/carving skin, hitting self on purpose, and burning skin.
The research is published in the August 2007 issue of Psychological
Medicine.
A total of 633 high school students (grades 9-12) from schools in the
southern and midwestern United States voluntarily and anonymously
participated in the study.... 46 percent of the teens in the study
reported injuring themselves in the past year on multiple occasions.
Results from the study also indicated that the most common reasons
teens in the study engaged in NSSI included “to get control of a
situation,” “to stop bad feelings,” and “to try and get a reaction from
someone” ... "regulating their own internal emotional states and trying
to manage situations in their environment..."
From press
release: Self-injury
found to be common in high-school students, July 19, 2007
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~ ~
~ ~

I do not want to be afraid
I
do not want to die inside just to breathe in
I'm
tired of feeling so numb
Relief
exists
I find it when I am cut
> lyrics from
“Cut” on album Chaotic
Resolve - by
Plumb
Photo: Christina Ricci - see more
about her experiences with cutting below
|
"Dabrowski
was keenly interested in
self-mutilation as a phenomenon suggestive of higher than average
sensitivity. His Ph.D. dissertation, first published in 1934..
showed the co-existence of self-mutilatory tendencies,
creativity and strong developmental strivings in a select group of
creative individuals."
|
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Princess
Diana and self-injury
In a 1995 BBC
television interview Diana revealed
to the world that she was a self-injurer. She said that she had cut her
arms and legs, explaining, "You have so much pain inside yourself that
you try and hurt yourself on the outside because you want
help."
"Diana:
Her True Story," a biography by Andrew Morton, said that
Diana
had
thrown herself into a glass cabinet at Kensington palace at various
times,
slashed her wrists with a razor, and cut herself with the serrated edge
of a lemon slicer.... [from
site: Famous Self-Injurers]
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~ ~
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When you were young,
did you think you were going to have a big thing happen in your life?
Because I always felt that something big was going to happen in my life.
Princess Diana, to
photographer Mario Testino [quoted
in Vanity
Fair, Dec 2005]
photos
from book Diana,
Princess of Wales by Mario Testino
~ ~ ~
Diana
was one of the most insecure people I had ever met...
|
That inner pain
drove her to seek relief and comfort in some very odd ways, and there
was hardly a therapy that, at some time or other, she hadn’t
tried.
Some were undoubted benefit. Others were pure quakery. A few were
downright harmful. On the surface, of course, she appeared to have
everything going for her.
But, like a number of other well-known and
successful women who find themselves in the harsh glare of the public
limelight, that wasn’t enough.
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| Princess
Diana admitted
hurting herself deliberately,
and [cutting] continues to be practised mainly by middle-class women
who start in
their teens and self-harm throughout their lives.
Most
cutters are women who have been emotionally, sexually or physically
abused
as children, but Marilee Strong's research shows that self-mutilation
also
appears in other groups. Though
research is in its infancy, therapists say there are now promising
treatments
- from medication to intensive psychotherapy - for the millions of
"cutters".
Strong
reveals what the afflicted and those close to them can do to start a
process
of healing.
|
> Related page
: anxiety
> Article Being
Creative
and Self-critical -
by
Douglas Eby
~ ~
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| I
was always writing, keeping a journal, drawing, and doing schoolwork. I
read a lot of books. I always had to document my existence. I needed a
physical record of it. If I was really experiencing some crazy
emotions,
it wasn't enough to tell someone about it. I wanted to document it, to
bring it to life. ...
I got
suicidal at times... I used to keep cutting myself... But I would
always
stop... I was meant to live.. really really deep down I knew I was
meant
for something. ... What
advice would I give to other kids who are living through a crazy
existence?
No matter how insane and intense it seems, you can't forget that it is
just a moment. ... Wanda
**from
book: My
Crazy Life
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|
~ ~
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..
..
I
don't
cut myself now. I have a child now. I think when you make a decision to
have a child, you cannot think about suicide again and you can't be
self-destructive...
I didn't
ever feel enough. I didn't feel close enough to another person, didn't
feel alive enough.. nothing ever felt real and honest enough.
Because
I had knives around [an antique knife collection].. in my first sexual
experience, I brought knives out and had a night where we attacked each
other...
|
**......**
..
..
It
was
a release of some kind.. it felt so primitive and it felt so honest...
And then I had to deal with not telling my mother, hiding things,
wearing
gauze bandages to high school.
That
was the main [experience]. After that, there were little moments where
I would nick my hand or something.. to feel. But I don't now, because
of
Maddox [her son], and because I don't feel a need to.
Angelina
Jolie
- ABC News, July
11, 2003
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| If
you cause physical harm to your body in order to deal with overwhelming
feelings, know that you have nothing to be ashamed of.
It's
likely that you're keeping yourself alive and maintaining psychological
integrity with the only tool you have right now. It's
a crude and ultimately self-destructive tool, but it works; you get
relief
from the overwhelming pain/fear/anxiety in your life.
The
prospect of giving it up may be unthinkable, which makes sense; you may
not realize that self-harm isn't the only or even best coping method
around.
For
many people who self-injure, though, there comes a breakthrough moment
when they realize that change is possible, that they can escape, that
things
can be different. They
begin to believe that other tools do exist and begin figuring out which
of these non-self-destructive ways of coping work for them.
from site : secret
shame (self-injury information and support)
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~ ~
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..
..
"Thirteen"
director Catherine Hardwicke co-wrote the script with 13-year-old,
Nikki
Reed [right]... based on Reed's own experiences as a rebellious junior
high student. ...
"I
think what the film does is portray very well the life of a disturbed
teenager,"
said Dr. David Feinberg, a UCLA child psychiatrist...
Even
among 13-year-olds, around 80 percent have no problems with family or
peers,
says Feinberg. "It's really a small minority of people, but those are
the
kind of people I see."
"Some
girls go through this. Most don't," agrees Don Elium, a Walnut Creek
family
therapist and the co-author, along with Jeanne Elium, of the book "Raising
a Daughter."
|
He
readily confirms that shoplifting, cutting, drug experimentation and
oral
sex all do occur among even middle school girls.
from
article: Growing pains: Teens on film - By Sara Steffens,
Contra
Costa Times, Aug. 26, 2003, posted on centredaily.com
~
~ ~
Evan
Rachel Wood [left] says the sexual moments [she portrayed in
"Thirteen"]
ended up being the least difficult.
There
is a moment where her character cuts herself "and those cutting scenes
were really, really difficult because when somebody does that, it's
something
that's really private which you do by yourself, and you're also at your
most vulnerable point. So to do that in front of a lot of people is
really
difficult."
[Teen
Scene Magazine teen.dim8.net]
Thirteen
[dvd]
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| Angelina
Jolie used to
hurt herself during her
early teens but stopped around the age of sixteen.
She
explained in a 2000 Maxim article, "You're young, you're crazy, you're
in bed and you've got knives. So sh*t happens."
But
in 1999 Access Hollywood interview she explained it more in-depth, "I
was..
trying to feel something.... I was looking at different things..
thinking
romantically about blood. I really hurt myself," and also said, "I was
just.. a kid. I was like 13,
"And,
I was saying that it is not something that is cool. Its not cool. And I
understand that it is a cry for help..."
In
a 2000 Jane interview she said, "I met somebody who said they'd seen
movies
of mine and then showed me where they had cut themselves.
I had
to explain, first off, not to do that. But it made me really f***ing
angry
at the people who represent me in a way that would get that person to
do
that and show me.
|

..
..
I don't
understand why people would want to use something so damaging. It's
like,
let's make me look 'cool' and worry a lot of people in my
family."
Angelina
has the Japanese symbol for "death" tattooed on her shoulder, and the
Latin
words, 'Quod me nutrit me destruit,' on her stomach, meaning "What
nourishes
me also destroys me."
from
site: Famous
Self-Injurers
photo:
Angelina Jolie in her position as Goodwill Ambassador
to
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR)
|
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| Classifying
self-harm
We
all do things that aren't good for us and that may harm us. We also do
things that inflict injury but that are primarily intended for other
purposes.
Some self-harm is culturally sanctioned, while other types are seen as
pathological. Where does one draw lines?
An
easy line to draw is that of deliberate, immediate physical harm being
done. For example, cutting your arm or hitting yourself with a hammer
are
clearly self-injurious acts.
Things
like overeating, smoking, not exercising, etc., are harmful to a person
in the long run but immediate physical damage is not the desired effect
of the behaviors.
What,
then, about things like tattooing
and piercing, where physical modification of the body is deliberate and
is the desired effect?
The
first step in classifying self-harm, as demonstrated by Favazza (1996)
[book: Bodies
Under Siege..], is to sort out what makes a type of
self-injury
pathological, as opposed to culturally-sanctioned.
Socially
sanctioned self-harm, he found, falls into two groups: rituals and
practices.
Body modification (piercings, tattoos, etc) can fall into either class.
from
site: secret
shame (self-injury information and support)
photos:
left: Angelina Jolie as 'Legs' Sadovsky - showing one of her tattoos to
the other teen girls
in
Foxfire (1996) [dvd]
-- based on book: Foxfire:
Confessions of a Girl Gang by Joyce Carol Oates
photo:
center: Drew Barrymore from book Tattoo
Nation / photo: right: Angelina Jolie
|
~ ~ ~ ~

..
..
Johnny
Depp..
in a 1999 Avantgarde interview said, "As a teenager I was so insecure.
I was the type of guy that never fitted in because he never dared to
choose.
"I
was convinced I had absolutely no talent at all. For nothing. And that
thought took away all my ambition too."
Even
today he still has feelings of insecurity about himself. In 1999 he
said,
"My self-image it still isn't that alright. No matter how famous I am,
no matter how many people go to see my movies, I still have the idea
that
I'm that pale no-hoper that I used to be." ...
He
dropped out of high school at the age of sixteen so that he could
concentrate
on being a musician. He continued to have problems with drugs and
drinking
into his twenties.
|

..
..
Johnny
has a series of seven or eight scars on his left forearm where he has
cut
himself with a knife on different occasions to commemorate various
moments
or rights of passage in his life.
In
a Talk magazine interview he said, "It was really just whatever [times
when he hurt himself] -- good times, bad times, it didn't matter. There
was no ceremony. It wasn't like 'Okay, this just happened, I have to go
hack a piece of my flesh off.'"
In
a 1993 Details magazine interview Johnny explained his self-injury, "My
body is a journal in a way. It's like what sailors used to do, where
every
tattoo meant something, a specific time in your life when you make a
mark
on yourself, whether you do it yourself with a knife or with a
professional
tattoo artist."
from
site: Famous
Self-Injurers
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**related
pages:......self-esteem
/ self concept..........more
on tattoos:...body
image : page 3..........
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~
Teenage
self-harm widespread
More
than one in 10 adolescents has deliberately
harmed
themselves, researchers have found.
The
study, commissioned by the Samaritans and conducted by the Centre for
Suicide
Research at Oxford University, found youngsters were more likely to
harm
themselves if they had friends who had already done so.
Each
year in the UK more than 24,000 teenagers are admitted to hospital
after
deliberately harming themselves.
In
total, more than 6,000 pupils aged 15 and 16 were quizzed from 41
schools
across England. They were asked about suicidal thoughts and
self-harming
behaviour.
The
survey found that young people who harm themselves often have
difficulty
coping with everyday problems.
Rather
than employing positive strategies such as talking to someone about the
situation, they were more likely to blame themselves, sit in their room
or drink alcohol.
They
also felt that they had fewer people to turn to for help. For example,
only 20% of those who self harmed felt they could speak to a teacher
about
something that was really bothering them.
People
who self-harm were shown by the survey to be more anxious, depressed
and
to have lower self esteem than those who do not.
|

..
..
The
two
most common reasons for self-harming are "to find relief from a
terrible
state of mind" and "because I wanted to die". Few said they were trying
to "frighten someone" or to "get attention".
The
most common problems faced by the pupils related to schoolwork,
followed
by difficulties with parents.
Only
a small proportion - 13% - of self-harm episodes result in a hospital
visit
The favoured method is cutting or overdosing Girls were nearly four
times
as likely to engage in self-harm as boys.
Marjorie
Wallace, chief executive of mental health charity Sane, said: "Sadly
these
findings do not surprise us. Results from our own research shows that
while
over half of those who self-harm were on medication, less than a fifth
were receiving counselling or therapy. Clearly, the underlying reasons
for people self-harming are not being addressed."
[BBC
News bbc.co.uk 3/26/03]
[image
from novel: Patricia McCormick. Cut]
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| A
third idea is that abused (verbal, sexual or physical) children often
times
received the message that they are no good and bad, when feelings of
"badness"
are internalized an act of self-injury externalizes those feelings
making
the sense of impending doom more manageable. ...
A cycle
that represents this thinking is; I am bad, because I am bad I am
unlovable,
because I am unlovable, I am bad.
Louise
Kaplan writes in Female
Perversions that: the self-injurer has learned that "action
brings
comfort," while "waiting long enough to think or speak only brings more
tension and more disorganization."
from About
Self-Injury on The Healing House site
|
**related
pages:......abuse
& creative expression......self-esteem
/ self concept
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| I've
been on medications for depression since eighth grade. I was on Paxil,
then I went into a hospital for cutting myself. When I came out, they
had
me on a mood stabilizer ... Then they gave me ReVia, this stuff they
give
heroin addicts. I hadn't ever done heroin, but it was to keep me from
cutting
and stuff.
That
was messed up. I was a zombie for a while. Over the years, they've put
me on and taken me off of different medicines. ... I definitely think
prescription
drugs have helped me. ... Alison,
age
17
photo:
Joyce, 15, Elysia, 14, and Alison, 14, at their friend's sixteenth
birthday
party, Arlington, Virginia.
**from Girl
Culture - by Lauren Greenfield
|
 |
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| Cutting
is the loneliest
and most embarrassing experience, but once you talk about it you
discover
how many people have done the same thing," says [Elizabeth]
Wurtzel.
"People that I wouldn't expect would pull me aside after reading my
book
and tell me they also had a problem with cutting. It made me realize
that
I wasn't alone."
In
addition to Shirley Manson
and Elizabeth Wurtzel, other public figures that are reported to have
engaged
in self-injury include Angelina Jolie, Christina Ricci, Princess Diana,
Johnny Depp, Courtney Love and Fiona Apple
[right].
[PR Newswire, May 30, 2000]
**
Elizabeth Wurtzel Prozac
Nation
|
 |
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Overexcitability and cutting
Psychomotor
overexcitability is a manifestation of a heightened energy level, and
can be observed in restlessness, rapid and pressured speech,
predilection for violent games and sports, pressure for action, or
delinquent behavior.
In its ‘pure’ form, it is a
manifestation of the excess of energy; but it may also result from the
transfer of emotional tension to psychomotor forms of expression such
as those mentioned above. Cases of tics and self-mutilation, for
example, suggest psychomotor OE, which originates in emotional tension.
Dabrowski was keenly interested in
self-mutilation as a phenomenon suggestive of higher than average
sensitivity and DP. His Ph.D. dissertation on “Psychological basis of
self-mutilation,” first published in 1934 and printed in English three
years later, showed the co-existence of self-mutilatory tendencies,
creativity and strong developmental strivings in a select group of
creative individuals (Dabrowski, 1937).
related
pages:......intensity
/ sensitivity........Dabrowski
|
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In
an US magazine interview Christina
Ricci
explains a small, smile-shaped scar on her hand.
"I
was trying to impress Gaby [Hoffmann, her best friend]. So I heated up
a lighter and pressed it on my hand."
She
reveals other burn scars on her arms and says, "I wanted to see if I
can
handle pain. It's sort of an experiment to see if I can handle pain."
In
another interview she reveals that she sometimes puts cigarettes out on
her arms.
When
asked if it hurts she replies, "No. You get this endorphin rush. You
can
actually faint from pain. It takes a second, a little sting, and then
it's
like you really don't feel anything. It's calming actually."
|

..
..
In a Rolling
Stone interview she explains where each scar came from. When she was
angry
about "not looking very good" Christina heated up a lighter and held it
to her hand to impress some boys.
Scratches
on her forearms come from fingernails and soda tops. She explains,
"It's
like having a drink. But it's quicker. You know how your brain shuts
down
from pain? The pain would be so bad, it would force my body to slow
down,
and I wouldn't be as anxious. It made me calm."
from
site: When
the Cut Goes in Deep -
Celebrities
Who Have Self-Injured
|
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~ ~
..
One
February day in the seventh grade, I was apprehended in the girls'
bathroom,
in the act - to be precise - of wearing at my arm with the saw blade of
my Swiss Army knife.
It
is always February in the seventh grade, that terrible border year,
that
dangerous liminal interlude.
Until
the moment of my apprehension, I didn't once think, People will find
this
odd. How could they?
photo
of Caroline Kettlewell from interview
|
Is
there nothing more fascinating than our own blood? The scarlet beauty
of
it. The pulsing immediacy.
The
way it courses through its endless circuit of comings and goings,
slipping
and rushing and seeping down to the cells of us, the intimate insider
that
knows all the news, that's been down to the mailroom and up to the
boardroom.
...
~
~ ~
There
was a very fine, an elegant pain. In the razor's wake, the skin melted
away... then the blood welled up... the chaos in my head spun itself
into
a silk of silence.
I kept
cutting because it worked. When I cut I felt better, I stopped cutting
because I always could have stopped cutting.
*Caroline
Kettlewell:**Skin
Game
|
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....
...
related
pages:.......
nurturing
mental health.........self-limiting
behavior...........
..anxiety
relief : articles
books.......anxiety
relief sites.....,,
..nurturing
mental health : articles
books......nurturing
mental health sites...
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